{"id":2362,"date":"2026-05-25T01:30:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T01:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theinsulatedglass.com\/?p=2362"},"modified":"2026-05-25T01:32:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T01:32:43","slug":"edge-support-conditions-why-they-change-glass-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theinsulatedglass.com\/ar\/edge-support-conditions-why-they-change-glass-design\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637. \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/a> \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a ASTM E1300 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1\/175 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/a>, \u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648 ASTM E1300\u060c \u0648 ASTM F2248\u060c \u0648 ASTM F1642\u060c \u0648 GSA-TS01\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SDOF\u060c \u0648 FEA \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0631: \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631, \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 6 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\" \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2024 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\/\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 $1,250 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 IGU: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 U\u060c \u0648SHGC\u060c \u0648VLT\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 Low-E\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646<\/a>, \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a Low-E \u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a IGU \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 ASTM E1300 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u201c\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u201d. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 IGU\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 ASTM E1300 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 ASTM E1300 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 ASTM E1300 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a IGUs\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 IGU \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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